Internet History

                           Internet History


       The Internet is a computer network established by the United States Department of Defense in 1969, through a project called ARPANET ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency Network), where they demonstrate how the hardware and UNIX-based computer software, we can make communication within the infinity through the phone line. ARPANET project designing a network, reliability, how much information can be transferred, and finally all the standards that they set into the embryo of a new protocol development is now known as TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).

The initial purpose of the construction project was for military purposes. At that time the United States Department of Defense (U.S. Department of Defense) create a computer network system that is spread by linking computers in areas vital to address the problem in case of nuclear attack and to avoid the occurrence of centralized information, which in the event of war can be easily destroyed.

At first ARPANET only connecting 4 sites, ie the Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Utah, where they form a single integrated network in 1969, and in general the ARPANET was introduced in October 1972. Not long after the project is growing rapidly in all regions, and all universities in the country wanted to join, thus making it difficult to set the ARPANET.

Therefore, ARPANET split widened two, namely "MILNET" for military purposes and the "ARPANET" new smaller for non-military purposes such as, universities. Combined both networks eventually known as the DARPA Internet, which then reduces to the Internet.
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List of events pentingTahun Genesis
1957 USSR (now Russia) launched space vehicle, Sputnik.
1958 In the aftermath of the "defeat" the United States in launching the space vehicle, established an agency within the United States Department of Defense, Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which aims for the United States to increase science and technology in the country. One aim is to computer technology.
1962 J.C.R. Licklider wrote an article about a vision in which computers can be interconnected with each other globally for every computer is able to offer access to programs and data. In this year also the RAND Corporation started research on this idea (distributed computer network), which is intended for military purposes.
Early 1960s the theory of packet-switching can be implemented in the real world.
Mid-1960s ARPANET ARPA developed to promote the "Cooperative Networking of Time-sharing Computers," with only four host computers can be connected until 1969, the Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Santa Barbara , and the University of Utah.
1965 The term "Hypertext" was issued by Ted Nelson.
1968 Network Tymnet made.
1971 ARPANET network members increased to 23 computer nodes, which consists of the computers for the United States government-owned research and universities.
1972 A working group called the International Network Working Group (INWG) designed to enhance computer network technology and also create standards for computer networks, including the Internet. The first speaker of this organization is Vint Cerf, known as the "Father of the Internet"
1972-1974 Several commercial database services such as Dialog, SDC Orbit, Lexis, The New York Times DataBank, and others, to register themselves to the ARPANET via dial-up networking.
1973 ARPANET to the outside of the United States: This year, members of the ARPANET grew again with the entry of several universities in the United States outside the University College of London from the UK and the Royal Radar Establishment in Norway.
1974 Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish detailed specifications of the protocol Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in the article "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection".
1974 Bolt, Beranet & Newman (BBN), pontraktor for the ARPANET, opened a commercial version of ARPANET which they refer to as Telenet, which is the first public packet data service.
There have been 111 pieces 1977 computer that is connected to the ARPANET.
1978 Protocol TCP split into two parts, namely Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP / IP).
1979 The first Usenet discussion group created by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin, a graduate of Duke University and the University of North Carolina, United States. After that, the use of Usenet also increased drastically.
In this year also, emoticons proposed by Kevin McKenzie.
Early 1980s, personal computers (PCs) epidemic, and became part of many human lives.
This year recorded the ARPANET has a membership of up to 213 hosts are connected.
Services BITNET (Because It's Time Network) was initiated, by providing an e-mail services, mailing lists, and also File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
CSNET (Computer Science Network) was established this year by scientists and experts in computer science from Purdue University, University of Washington, RAND Corporation, and BBN, with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF). This network provides e-mail and some other services to scientists without having to access the ARPANET.
1982 The term "Internet" was first used, and TCP / IP adopted as the universal protocol for the network.
Name servers began to be developed, thus allowing users to connect to a host without having to know the sure path to the host.
This year there are more than 1000 recorded the host fruit is incorporated into the Internet.
Introduced in 1986 domain name system, which is now known as DNS (Domain Name System) that serves to ensure a uniform naming system on the network address of the computer.

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Other important events

In 1972, Ray Tomlinson managed to complete the e-mail program that he created a year ago for the ARPANET. E-mail program is so simple it immediately became popular. In the same year, the "@" is also introduced as an important symbol that shows the "at" or "on". In 1973, ARPANET computer network were developed outside the United States.

Computer University College in London is the first computer that is outside the United States who are members of ARPAnet network. In the same year, two computer experts that Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn presented a bigger idea, which became the forerunners of the Internet thinking. This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex.

The next historic day is March 26, 1976, when the Queen of England managed to send an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern. A year later, already more than 100 computers on ARPANET joined to form a network or network. In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin, creating the first-named newsgroups USENET. In 1981 France Telecom creates a buzz by launching the first television telephone, where people can call each other while associated with the video link.

Because the computers that form a network of daily increasing, it needed a formal protocol that is recognized by all networks. In 1982 established Transmission Control Protocol or TCP and Internet Protocol or IP as we know it all. Meanwhile in Europe appear counter computer network known as Eunet, which provides computer network services in these countries the Netherlands, Britain, Denmark and Sweden. Eunet network providing e-mail and USENET newsgroups.

To homogenize the address on existing computer networks, then in 1984 the domain name system was introduced, which now we are familiar with DNS or Domain Name System. Computers that are connected with the existing network has more than 1000 computers more. In 1987 the number of computers that are connected to the network soared 10-fold more manjadi 10,000.

In 1988, Jarko Oikarinen of Finland discovered and at once introduced the IRC or Internet Relay Chat. A year later, the number of interconnected computers soared 10-fold return in a year. No fewer than 100,000 computers are now forming a network. Year 1990 is the year's most historic, when Tim Berners Lee to find a program editor and browser that can roam from one computer to another computer, which form a network. The program is called www, or the World Wide Web.

In 1992, computers that are connected to each other form the network has exceeded a million computers, and in the same year the term surfing the internet. In 1994, the website has grown to 3000 pages address, and for the first time in a virtual-shopping or e-retail surfaced on the internet. The world changed. In the same year Yahoo! established, which is also well-born Netscape Navigator.